Tration of the study plant lectins in epithelial cell (A). MDM)line (HEC-1A) and primary immune cells (MDDC (A). Non-toxic concentration of the study plant lectins in epithelial cell line (HEC-1A) and primary immune cells (MDDC and MDM). HEC-1A and primary immune cells were cultured with concentrations of products for 24 h. After washing, culture viability was determined by using the MTT-cytotoxic
Us combinations of plasmids. Bar, 10 m. In the absence of a viral RNA, MS2-YFP had the appearance shown in Fig. 4A to C. (A) pFIVgag-CFP, pMS2-YFP, and pFIV -24. The nuclear envelope region (box, right panel) is shown enlarged below (scale bar, 5 m). (B) pFIVgag-CFP, pFP93, pMS2-YFP, and pFIV -24. (C and D) pFIVgag-CFP, pFP93, pMS2-YFP, and pFIV -24. Live-cell confocal imaging was performed 48 h a
The attachment phase which is (or are) (i) not an HIV-interacting GAG, as indicated by our observations in the presence of X4-tropic viruses, (ii) not C-type lectin(s), considering the absenceDiscussionThe plan lectins HHA and GNA constitute two promising microbicide molecules of great interest, capable to efficiently inhibit the infection of T lymphocytes and PBMC by a broad range of HIV strains
Ation MDDC are washed and 2 ?105 cells were adsorbed on a microscopy-adapted slide. Cells were incubated with or without HHA-TRITC or GNA-TRITC (200 /ml; Eylabs) at 4 for 30 min. Cells were washed with PBS 0.01 azide 0.5 BSA and then fixed with 1 paraformaldehyde. The coverslides were mounted in Mowiol (SigmaAldrich). Fluorescence analysis was performed with a Zeiss LSM510 confocal microscope
Glycans (GAG) heparan sulfates, we assessed the role of plant lectins on the attachment of X4-tropic viruses, known to interact very efficiently with heparan sulfate [11] and data not shown]. Thus, cells were incubated with HIV-1NDK (Fig. 2B) in the presence or absence of different concentrations of HHA and GNA. As depicted in Figure 2B, none of the plant lectins, whatever the concentration, inhib
Glycans (GAG) heparan sulfates, we assessed the role of plant lectins on the attachment of X4-tropic viruses, known to interact very efficiently with heparan sulfate [11] and data not shown]. Thus, cells were incubated with HIV-1NDK (Fig. 2B) in the presence or absence of different concentrations of HHA and GNA. As depicted in Figure 2B, none of the plant lectins, whatever the concentration, inhib
Compared with those of standard OD490 versus cell number curves generated for each cell type. The percentage survival was calculated using the formula :Epithelial monolayer integrity the effect of the plant lectins on their ability to maintain an intact epithelium was determined by measuring transepithelial resistance (TER). HEC-1A cells were grown as a tight polarized monolayer on a permeable sup
Or media alone were added in duplicate wells, and the TER was measured at 30 min and 2, 4, 9, and 24 h. The epithelial resistance was expressed as follows :epithelial resistance = (/cm2) - the resistance of transwells without cells.HIV cell-free particles transcytosis the epithelial cell line HEC-1A was grown as a tight polarized monolayer on a permeable support of 0.4- -porediameter polycarbonate