Ntra- and intermolecular nOe can be simplified by specific isotope labeling of a single partner. Residual dipolar couplings provide information of the orientation of internuclear vector with respect to the molecular frame of alignment. If the protein and its ligand align in a different manner when free or bound (inset E), RDCs provide powerful long-range restraints for their relative orientation i
S have been a primary target when searching for biomarker candidates in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases (30, 40) supported also by the use of phospho-tau and A (1?42) as diagnostic markers in the CSF. One key advantage of using proteomics is that many proteins and protein variants (such as isoforms or post-translational modification of proteins) can be simultaneously characterized and quan
Idic diode based on gramicidin peptides. [PubMed: 20095553] 351. He Y, Gillespie D, Boda D, Vlassiouk I, Eisenberg RS, Siwy ZS. Tuning transport properties of nanofluidic devices with local charge inversion. J Am Chem Soc. 2009; 131:5194?202. [PubMed: 19317490] 352. Karnik R, Duan CH, Castelino K, Daiguji H, Majumdar A. Rectification of ionic current in a nanofluidic diode. Nano Lett. 2007; 7:547?
Ion (203, 502). The expression of gdhA in E. coli is also repressed by Nac (503). However, whether the mechanism of repression of gdhA in E. coli by NacE is similar to that of NacK remains to be determined. The expression of gdhA may also be affected by the global transcriptional regulator FNR during growth in high-osmolarity media, but the underlying mechanism is unknown (494). Finally, gdhA tran
Y in the IOs. The expression levels of 257 proteins (12.4 ) were either down- or up-regulated (122 and 135 proteins, respectively) in both IOs and OCs (relative to OPs), and 48 (29 and 19 proteins) showed a reversed direction of change between IOs and OCs (supplemental Fig. S5B). The most significant molecular and cellular functions of the 492 down-regulated proteins in the OCs relative to OPs inv
Ess under clinical conditions and thus of limited therapeutic interest and relevance. A typical pattern of functional selectivity based on stimulus strength would show a low- and high-efficacy agonist both capable of producing activation of one signaling pathway and the agonist of higher efficacy showing activation of the second pathway, whereas the lower efficacy does not. Once multiple measures
Ng BclA1 were shown to have a 2-log higher infectious dose requirement in a mouse model of infection and displayed reduced virulence in a hamster infection model (188). BclA1 is thought to be important in the initial colonization of spores in the gut epithelium of the infected host.Clostridium sporogenes196). Functions ascribed to the exosporium include roles in germination, outgrowth, and attachm
Ch to identify effectors of neurite outgrowth. From the 105 preselected human GFP-tagged ORFs (see above) 21 were identified as effectors of neurite outgrowth and either influenced neurite length or number or completely blocked neurite outgrowth when overexpressed (Table 2; see also selected examples in Figure 3, the phenotypes off all effectors is shown in Supplementary Figure 3 and quantificatio